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News & Insights

(Nearly) Everything to Know About Prairies in the Midwest

This article was originally published prior to the founding of Eocene and the information included here represents events and news that occurred under our company subsidiaries. 

November 14, 2022

In Iowa, less than 1/10 of one percent of our native prairie exists today. Remnant and restored prairies provide a multitude of ecosystem services. Deep-rooted prairie plants and grasses absorb rainwater, provide habitat for pollinators and overwintering species, and add months of vibrant colors to any landscape.

But prairie systems do require annual maintenance, at least in the early years after establishment. Once native plants and grasses are strong enough to out-compete pressures from invasive species, prairie ecosystems can thrive without much human intervention.

Prairie Establishment

The first and most important step in prairie establishment is site preparation, which typically occurs during the growing season. Once the site has been cleared of non-desirable species, it can be seeded. Dormant seeding in the late fall to early winter can be very successful, however, seeding in the spring is also possible.

Growing Seasons

First Growing Season

During the first growing season, the primary focus goes towards establishing deep roots. It is important to keep the site mowed at a high setting during this period. This may seem counterintuitive, but it will help to prevent annual weeds from re-establishing.

Second Growing Season

The second growing season will include a greater variety of blooms as the native species continue to establish.

Third Growing Season & Beyond

After the third year and beyond, the prairie will come into its own. A variety of blooms will occur from early spring to late fall, and it will also provide valuable pollinator habitat for a wide variety of birds, insects, mammals and reptiles.